AI 에이전트가 프로덕션에서 계속 실패하는 이유 (그리고 수정 방법)

If the input data is missing a required field, return:
{ "status": "error", "reason": "missing_field", "field": "<fieldname>" }
Do NOT attempt to infer or hallucinate missing values.

If you are uncertain which tool to call, call no tool and return:
{ "status": "clarification_needed", "question": "..." }

async function withRetry<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, retries = 3, baseDelayMs = 500): Promise<T> {
  for (let attempt = 0; attempt <= retries; attempt++) {
    try {
      return await fn();
    } catch (err: any) {
      const isTransient = err.status === 429 || err.status >= 500 || err.code === "ECONNRESET";
      if (!isTransient || attempt === retries) throw err;
      const delay = baseDelayMs * Math.pow(2, attempt) + Math.random() * 100;
      await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, delay));
    }
  }
  throw new Error("unreachable");
}

// Usage
const result = await withRetry(() => client.messages.create({ ... }));

function createLogger(runId: string, agentName: string) {
  return {
    step: (step: string, data: object) =>
      console.log(JSON.stringify({ runId, agent: agentName, step, ts: new Date().toISOString(), ...data })),
    error: (step: string, err: unknown) =>
      console.error(JSON.stringify({ runId, agent: agentName, step, error: String(err), ts: new Date().toISOString() })),
  };
}

const log = createLogger(crypto.randomUUID(), "newsletter-agent");
log.step("fetch_topic", { topicId: topic.id, topic: topic.name });
// ... do work ...
log.step("draft_complete", { subject: draft.subject, wordCount: draft.body.split(" ").length });

const MAX_ITERATIONS = 10;
let iterations = 0;
let lastToolCallName = "";
let sameToolCallCount = 0;

while (true) {
  iterations++;
  if (iterations > MAX_ITERATIONS) {
    log.error("loop", { reason: "exceeded_max_iterations" });
    break;
  }

  const response = await client.messages.create({ ... });

  // Detect stuck loops: same tool called 3x in a row
  const toolCall = response.content.find(b => b.type === "tool_use");
  if (toolCall?.name === lastToolCallName) {
    sameToolCallCount++;
    if (sameToolCallCount >= 3) {
      log.error("loop", { reason: "stuck_loop", tool: toolCall.name });
      break;
    }
  } else {
    sameToolCallCount = 0;
    lastToolCallName = toolCall?.name ?? "";
  }

  if (response.stop_reason === "end_turn") break;
}

const tools = [
  {
    name: "get_subscriber",
    description: "Fetch a single subscriber record by email. Use ONLY when you have a specific email address. Do NOT use for searching or listing subscribers.",
    input_schema: { ... }
  },
  {
    name: "search_subscribers",
    description: "Search subscribers by tag, segment, or status. Use when you need to find subscribers matching a criteria — NOT when you have a specific email address.",
    input_schema: { ... }
  }
];